Standalone contract for the supply of services between businesses, both of whom are within the UK, governed by English law and drafted generally for the benefit of the client/customer.
Read moreA business which contracts as customer with service providers on a regular basis may wish to do so on the basis of a standalone supply contract rather than using its own, or the supplier’s standard Terms and Conditions.
Unlike a contract for the sale of goods, relatively few terms are implied in a contract for the supply of services.
The principal applicable statute is the Supply of Goods and Services Act 1982 (“SGSA”). This implies the following terms in a B2B contract for the supply of services:
Yes, under the SGSA and subject to the Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977 (“UCTA”), the terms implied by the SGSA can be excluded or varied by the contract itself, by the course of dealing between the parties or by usage.
In practical terms, the only implied term which is likely to be relevant is the implied term to use reasonable skill and care – the subject matter of the other implied terms is likely to be covered by the express terms of the contract.
Often, a customer’s own form of supply contract terms and conditions will in any event include an express term which extends the implied term of reasonable care and skill. For example, the customer might include a term that the service provider will provide the services diligently and in accordance with best practice of the profession, trade or industry of the service provider.
Generally, exclusion clauses and liability limitation clauses in contracts for the supply of services are subject to the requirements of UCTA and are discussed in more details in
For a form of standalone contract for the supply of services which is more for the benefit of the supplier, see
Corporate transactions usually involve one party (the warrantor) providing warranties to another party concerning the company and its business, financial performance, prospects, assets, contracts, rights and liabilities. A breach of the warranties may result in a legal claim against the warrantor for damages for breach of contract.
The warrantor may wish to disclose specific events or circumstances as exceptions to certain warranties. The disclosure of these matters is intended to shield warrantor against a potential claim for breach of the particular warranties. Instead of amending or qualifying the warranties themselves, the disclosures against specific warranties are set out in a separate letter prepared by the warrantor, known as a “Disclosure Letter”.
As an example in an investment transaction, the agreement may include a warranty that the target company has complied with all legal requirements in its business conduct. If the founders, acting as warrantors, are aware of a failure by the company to comply with a specific legal requirement, they would disclose this as an exception to the warranty. This is done by setting out a narrative of the circumstances of the breach, along with supporting documents, in the Disclosure Letter. If the disclosure satisfies the defined requirement of “fair disclosure” in the investment agreement, it should shield the founders from a claim under the investment agreement for breach of this warranty regarding the disclosed non-compliance.
The warranties may explicitly require that certain facts or documents be included in the Disclosure Letter. For instance, a warranty might require that the Disclosure Letter contains details and copies of all material contracts entered into by the target company. Failure to disclose a material contract may result in a claim against the warrantors for breach of warranty if the omission causes loss to the investor(s).
Upon receiving disclosures during transaction negotiations and discussions on the draft Disclosure Letter, the investor(s) have several options:
For a disclosure letter for use in a share purchase transaction, see
For a disclosure letter for use in a business purchase transaction, see
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Updated by a lawyer on 04/11/2025
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Sample available