Standalone contract for the supply of services between businesses, both of whom are within the UK, governed by English law and drafted generally for the benefit of the supplier.
Read moreA business which provides services to business clients on a regular basis may wish to do so on the basis of a standalone supply contract rather than using standard Terms and Conditions.
Unlike a contract for the sale of goods, relatively few terms are implied in a contract for the supply of services.
The principal applicable statute is the Supply of Goods and Services Act 1982 (“SGSA”). This implies the following terms in a B2B contract for the supply of services:
Yes, under the SGSA and subject to the Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977 (“UCTA”), the terms implied by the SGSA can be excluded or varied by the contract itself, by the course of dealing between the parties or by usage.
In practical terms, the only implied term which is likely to be relevant is the implied term to use reasonable skill and care – the subject matter of the other implied terms is likely to be covered by the express terms of the contract.
Often, a supplier’s own form of contract will in any event expressly state that the services will provided with reasonable skill and care.
Generally, exclusion clauses and liability limitation clauses in contracts for the supply of services are subject to the requirements of UCTA and are discussed in more details in
A private limited company can alter its share capital in various ways, including:
Other types of share capital alteration include the allotment of new shares, reduction of capital, redemption or purchase of own shares and converting issued shares into shares of a different class.
Companies are often incorporated with a small number of ordinary shares. If the company plans to issue new shares, such as during an investment round, it may need to sub-divide the existing shares so that the numbers and percentages align with the investment terms.
For example, a company incorporated with 2 shares of £1.00 each will need to sub-divide them if it receives investment for 20% of the enlarged share capital.
To achieve the correct percentage shareholdings, one way of doing this would be to sub-divide the existing 2 shares of £1.00 each into 4 shares of £.0.50 each. The investor could then subscribe for 1 share of £0.50 and would own 1 out of the 5 shares in total, equal to 20% of the enlarged share capital.
Another idea would be to sub-divide the existing shares into a much smaller nominal share value as this will facilitate future shares issues and share transfers.
Sub-dividing shares requires an ordinary resolution of shareholders unless the Articles of Association exclude or restrict this. If such exclusions or restrictions exist, the Articles must be amended by special resolution to disapply the exclusion or restriction. After passing the ordinary resolution, the company will need to file Companies House Form SH02 within one month.
Share consolidation is the reverse of sub-division, where a specified number of existing shares are consolidated into a single share or fewer shares.
Private limited companies are less likely to carry out a consolidation than a public company, which may do this to increase its traded share price or perhaps to reduce the number of shareholders on its register.
If a private company wished to consolidate its share capital, this requires an ordinary resolution of shareholders, unless the Articles of Association exclude or restrict this right. After passing the ordinary resolution, the company will need to file Companies House Form SH02 within one month.
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Updated by a lawyer on 03/09/2024
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