Investment and Shareholders Agreement: established business multiple investors

Combined investment and shareholders agreement for the investment by multiple investors in an established business.  The agreement covers the investment transaction and also acts as the shareholders agreement between the investors and the founders of the company.

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When do I use this document?

  • for an investment by multiple investors in an established business
  • as a combined subscription and shareholders agreement
  • for full-form warranties to reflect the trading history of the company and any subsidiaries
  • in conjunction with new Articles of Association – for Paper Rock’s accompanying Articles of Association, see Articles of Association – established business multiple investors
  • for investment in a private limited company incorporated in England and Wales

What are the key features?

  • full form investment/subscription and shareholders agreement (ISHA)
  • 31 clauses and 5 schedules over 46 pages
  • subscription: mechanism and terms for the subscription for shares by the investors
  • conditions: conditions to the closing of the investment (if applicable)
  • completion: completion of the investment, including the issue of shares to the investors and payment by the investors
  • warranties: warranties from the company and, if agreed, the founder shareholders
  • limitations on liability: limitations on potential liability under the warranties of the company and, if giving warranties, the founders
  • investor rights: exercisable by a majority of the investors
  • directors:
    • investor director: investors’ entitlement to appoint a director
    • other directors: the founder shareholder(s) rights to appoint a director
  • board proceedings: how proceedings of the board will be conducted
  • future share issues: pre-emption rights on the issue of new shares
  • share transfers: rules governing the transfer of shares, including:
    • pre-emption rights on share transfers
    • compulsory transfer events, including founder good and bad leaver clauses
    • tag-along and drag-along rights
  • reserved matters: matters requiring prior approval from the investors (acting by investor majority) and other shareholders
  • information rights: rights to information for the investors and other shareholders about the company and its finances
  • restrictive covenants: restrictions on the founders from competing with the company andsoliciting the company’s customers, suppliers and employees

What other documents are available?

For separate documents consisting of a Subscription Agreement and Shareholders Agreement for investment by multiple investors in an established business, see

For a combined Investment & Shareholders Agreement for an established business with a single investor, see

For combined Investment & Shareholders Agreements for a start up business, see

When do I use this document?

  • where one or more shareholders wish to remove a director
  • where the Articles of Association do not include a simpler removal process
  • as special notice pursuant to the Companies Act 2006 to remove a director

Key features

  • special notice required to remove a director from office
  • including an ordinary resolution to remove a director, for use by either a single shareholder or multiple shareholders
  • alternative forms covering:
    • removal of director only
    • removal of director and appointment of replacement director

What else do I need to know?

Under section 168 of the Companies Act 2006, shareholders can remove a director by passing an ordinary resolution at a general meeting. This decision cannot be made by written resolution. The shareholder proposing the removal must give formal notice to the company. The Articles of Association cannot override this statutory process or change the notice periods required for the process.

Once the company receives special notice, the board must call a shareholder meeting. This meeting must take place at least 28 days after the notice is received. The director facing removal has the right to submit written representations, which the company must circulate to shareholders before the meeting.

The special notice may also propose appointing a new director to replace the one being removed.

In some companies, weighted voting rights can protect shareholder-directors being removed from office by granting them extra votes on removal resolutions. This is common in joint ventures, multi-shareholder businesses, or investor agreements where director rights need protection.

Being removed as a director does not affect employment rights, but it may lead to legal claims, such as wrongful dismissal. If the removed director is also a shareholder, they may claim unfair prejudice under the Companies Act 2006 – particularly in quasi-partnerships, where they expected to be involved in management. If the claim succeeds, the court may order other shareholders to buy their shares at fair value.

Explanatory Guides

As with all of our document templates, your purchase will include access to clear explanatory guidance on the document and its use.

Updated by a lawyer on 02/07/2025

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